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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most frequently prescribed treatment for ADHD are believed to regulate brain chemicals and increase their levels. However, they don't cure the condition and will only help manage symptoms as long as they are used regularly. Side effects of ADHD medication can include changes in blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Some children and teenagers who take stimulant medications notice a slight reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous stimulant is the most commonly used medication used to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety forms including liquid, chewable tablet, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended release pill. The drug is effective by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help to improve focus. It can also lessen the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that are normally responsible for removing these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause a small increase in blood pressure and heart rate. It can also cause a rapid change in blood sugar levels, which is why those with diabetes must be aware when taking this medication. Talk to your doctor in the event that you have any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate may also cause Raynaud’s phenomenon, which causes numbness of the feet and fingers. add adhd medication is a rare side effect, but it is important to inform your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. There is some concerns that methylphenidate may slow the growth of children, but this hasn't been proved to be the case. If you have a child being treated with methylphenidate, be sure to monitor the child's height and weight closely. If your child is taking chewable tablets of methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine which is a risk for children with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). If you have PKU, consult your doctor about the different methylphenidate formulations. Some people are unable to take stimulants which are the primary treatment for ADHD. In these cases, doctors could prescribe another medication that works in a similar way. Besides methylphenidate, there are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. These drugs can last longer and are more potent than methylphenidate. They are typically taken between two and three times a day, but some people can take them more often. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD, but these are not as effective as stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD drug that increases concentration while reducing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It belongs to a class called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers which control the brain activity. It is a favorite among children and adults who want an alternative to stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is crucial to keep in mind that atomoxetine doesn't work immediately, and it may take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the drug to be evident. You may also experience side effects such as nausea and drowsiness. However the benefits of atomoxetine far outweigh the risks for a majority of patients. In a double-blind placebo controlled study conducted on 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18, the effectiveness of atomoxetine has been confirmed. The participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg, or a placebo for 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group and the placebo group experienced reduction in depression symptoms. The atomoxetine group saw greater improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. The improvement was sporadic. In another open trial in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks. The atomoxetine group demonstrated improved ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale gaining significant. One patient however, experienced a rash and withdrew from the study. Three patients also reported temporary gastrointestinal symptoms, and one reported increased fatigue. Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your medical history and any other supplements or medications that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies and other over-the-counter medicines. Inform your doctor when any of the following conditions exist such as narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid or adrenal gland tumor or a high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. You should avoid the use of atomoxetine if you've taken an MAO-inhibitor like isocarboxazid or linezolid within the last 14 days or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion, a non-stimulant drug can help improve ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity, and increase concentration. However it doesn't affect the brain the similar way that stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion comes in tablets as well as extended-release capsules. It is important to take the medication exactly as directed. If you stop taking it abruptly you may experience withdrawal symptoms. It's usually taken twice or three times a day with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dose can vary from 100mg two or three times a day to 150mg four or three times each day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and is excreted in urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. However, it can be absorbed into the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion can increase your blood pressure, so it's important to monitor it frequently. Bupropion can, in addition to helping to reduce ADHD symptoms, can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, is blocked from entering your brain, which can help stabilize mood. Bupropion can interact with other drugs So it's crucial to tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's also important to know whether you suffer from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can cause side effects to become worse. In a variety of studies in a variety of studies, bupropion was compared with placebos for adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of studies were not well-designed. A majority of these studies excluded people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion can have a slight impact on ADHD. However there is a need for more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvement in quality of life. Furthermore, a better understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is needed before effective treatment can be created. This requires a deeper understanding of the relation between the various molecular pathways. Moreover, it's critical to know how various anti-ADHD medications work with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed for children suffering from ADHD don't work or cause undesirable side effects, the doctor may consider antidepressants as a treatment. These drugs, like imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) boost the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which aids in helping people concentrate. These older drugs may cause severe adverse consequences. They are generally only used when other medications fail. The first choice for depression treatment is typically a serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as sertraline, fluoxetine or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants continue to be used in some cases despite their long history. They are also effective in treating neuropathic pain and have an additional pain-relieving effect which is distinct from their antidepressant properties. They enhance noradrenephrine through inhibiting its reuptake and also act as lower modulators of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs have lower risks of toxicity and less serious side effects than the tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in pregnancy and aren't teratogenic in humans or animals. However, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly. Your doctor may recommend slowly lowering the dose over several weeks to minimize these effects. Although not officially recognized by the FDA as a treatment for adhd, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant off-label to treat ADHD. It's believed to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine that are found in the brain to improve concentration. It's also known to relieve anxiety and can be used in conjunction with stimulants to achieve more rapid and lasting results. While there aren't any FDA-approved medications that are nonstimulant for ADHD however, many people get relief from the use of nutritional supplements and herbs. A diet low in sugar and fat can also help to reduce ADHD symptoms. Some people might also benefit by abstaining from caffeine. It is important to inform your doctor about all medications your child or you takes, including over-the-counter medications and herbal remedies. This will help prevent interactions and minimize unwanted adverse effects. ADHD medication can affect each person differently, so it's sometimes a process of trial and error to discover the right dosage and drug for your child or you.